Madam,

As Eswatini intensifies its efforts (highlighted at the May 2025 Investment Conference) to attract mining investment, it is vital that our licensing system be both efficient and equitable. A few evidence-based reforms could significantly improve outcomes for citizens and strengthen trust in the sector.

1. Launch a transparent digital cadastre (a comprehensive land recording system that details the boundaries, ownership and value of land parcels)

We should build a modern, public registry of mining rights managed by the Mining Department. Comparable systems across Africa have reduced overlapping claims and corruption. Eswatini’s Minerals Management Board and Commissioner of Mines already possess comprehensive geoscientific data that could power such a system.

2. Use competitive tenders for high value deposits

Rather than ‘first come, first served,’ we should hold open tenders - especially for strategic minerals such as rare earths, gold and diamonds identified in the 2024 airborne survey. This promotes fairer revenue and transparency, as shown by World Bank and Zambia case studies.

3. Embed stringent environmental and community safeguards

Before rights are granted, enforce mandatory Environmental & Social Impact Assessments and community consultations. This will align with national development goals and the Poverty Reduction Programme.

4. Embrace global transparency standards

Eswatini should join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), which mandates the disclosure of license awards, ownership structures and revenues. The 2011 Mines and Minerals Act already highlights social safeguards.

5. Strengthen institutional and civil society oversight

To ensure accountability, we must build capacity in technical appraisal, inspections and data dissemination. The existing Geological Survey and Mining Department should work closely with independent observers (academics, civil society and industry) for effective oversight and sustainable regulation.

6. Formalise artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM)

By introducing low-cost, simplified licences tied to training, we can uplift rural livelihoods and integrate ASM into the mainstream economy. Eswatini’s current policy of reserving some minerals for citizens is a strong base for this.

These six steps, which are grounded in top research and aligned with Eswatini’s strategic reforms, can transform our mining sector into a driver of national prosperity, equity and environmental responsibility.

As Eswatini intensifies its efforts to attract mining investment, it is vital that our licensing system be both efficient and equitable. (Courtesy pic)