RWANDA, A SUCCESS STORY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

After the genocide, Rwanda’s women played a central role in all aspects of the country’s rebuilding. The most famous example of strides for Rwandan women came in 2008, when Rwanda became the first country ever to have a female majority in Parliament.

That same year, the Legislature adopted a progressive law making domestic violence illegal and mandating harsh prison terms for rape. Two decades after the 1994 genocide that killed an estimated 800 000 people in 100 days, the great untold story of Rwanda’s rise is how women rebuilt the nation. On a recent visit to this tiny land-locked country in the heart of Africa, I discovered a nation that has risen from the ashes of a civil war, to become one of the fastest growing economies in the African continent.

Indeed, Rwanda has a stable and remarkably corruption-free government, where women hold key leadership roles and whose policies are cited as a model for gender inclusiveness.

Furthermore, over the last decade, the country has averaged a GDP growth of nearly eight per cent and is so incredibly clean, green and safe that it has even been dubbed the Singapore of Africa. In November 2017, after landing at Kigali International Airport, a small but immaculate and efficient facility (incidentally voted one of the best airports in Africa in 2016), I got chatting with a businessman in the immigration queue.

As it turns out, he was a Singaporean economist collaborating with the Government of Rwanda on a development project. I shared with him that I too was based in Singapore, currently traveling with non-profit, Women on a Mission, and that we were here to visit Women for Women International, a charity that champions women survivors of war around the world.

Since 2008, Singapore and Rwanda signed a memorandum of understanding to provide a framework for public sector collaboration. These past years, among other partnerships, Rwanda has also looked at Singapore’s housing model for inspiration and in 2016; the Rwanda Housing Authority signed an agreement with the Singapore Building and Construction Authority to promote the development of green buildings and cities in Rwanda.

Many believe that progress has come to Rwanda because of the nature of its leadership. Rwanda’s President, Paul Kagame, a former guerrilla who led an invading force to suppress the genocide, rules with an iron fist and allows little dissent. Seeing his country so devastated and broken because of the genocide, Kagame realised he needed the Rwandan women, who were the majority survivors of the genocide, to step up and fill the vacuum.

A new Constitution was passed in 2003 decreeing that 30 per cent of parliamentary seats be reserved for women. The government also pledged that girls’ education would be encouraged and that women would be given leadership roles in the community and in key institutions. Women soon blew past the 30 per cent quota and today, with 64 per cent of its seats held by women, Rwanda’s Parliament leads the world in female representation.

After the genocide, Rwanda lay in ruins. Hundreds of thousands of cadavers were piled up on roadsides. Churches and schools were destroyed; offices and businesses plundered. Above all, the nation was traumatized by the horrific crimes that had decimated the population. Because most of those killed were men and because many male perpetrators fled to bordering nations, approximately 70 per cent of Rwanda’s post-genocide population was female. Faced with ensuring their families’ very survival, women stepped up and Women for Women International played an important part in the country’s reconstruction.

In the past 20 years, life expectancy has doubled in Rwanda. The country has built a near-universal health care system that covers more than 90 per cent of the population, financed by tax revenue, foreign aid and voluntary premiums scaled by income. Deaths of children under five have been cut in half. A compulsory education programme has put boys and girls in primary and secondary schools in equal numbers. Women can now own and inherit property and are active leaders in all sectors of the nation, including business, while national mandates are reducing violence against women. All these factors point to the fact that despite its past trauma, Rwanda has come out on top.

Clearly, stronger women build stronger nations. And if one looks at the state of the world today, with over 20 brutal armed conflicts taking place at any given time and unprecedented levels of violence against women, there has never been a greater need to support such initiatives that change the world, one woman at a time.

It is clear that Rwanda has made significant efforts to elevate the status of women in its post-genocide society. While women members of Parliament have passed legislation to empower women in society, a lack of information and education prevents many from taking advantage of new opportunities. Yet Rwanda is clearly on the right path towards improving its gender parity and must uphold its efforts to do so, while prioritizing formal education for girls and women at all levels.

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